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THE PHYSICS OF HOCKEY! Sliding Friction and Momentum on Ice:
Meet the People
Here are brief biographies on the Scientists, who made a journey into the physics of ice, and discovered many shocking secrets for the world!
**Guillaume Amonton
(1663-1705) Amonton was a French physicist who discovered the properties of gases and the interdependence of temperature.
Deaf as a child, Amonton became interested in mechanics. He improved the design of the hygrometer, barometer, and the air thermometer (for constant volume). Another discovery was undertaken in 1699, when he observed that the equal changes in temperature of a fixed volume consisting of air produced equivalent variations in pressure. His later works on thermal expansion of mercury lead to the invention of the thermometer by Fahrenheit. Thanks to Amonton, his Law reminds us that the coefficient of friction is independent of the normal force.
*F.P. Bowden
Bowden was born on May 2, 1903, in Hobart, Tasmania. He was an Australian physicist and chemist who pursued his research career in the United Kingdom. He first began his studies in electrochemistry, but was intrigued by tribology (studies on the surface of things). He made achievements on the study of friction, lubricants, and surface erosion. Bowden was a professor at Cambridge, Gonville and Caius Colleges.
D.C.B. Evans
Evans did significant research on the effects of various factors on the coefficient of friction. He also experimented with skating and hockey. During the days of his commitment to sliding friction (1975), he worked at the H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory in Bristol, England. He is presently located at New Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, England.
**Michael Faraday
(1791-1867) Faraday was an English chemist and physicist. He discovered benzene and the laws of electrolysis. Also, he invented the electric motor, dynamo, and the transformer. He produced the "Classical Field Theory".
Meet the People
Here are brief biographies on the Scientists, who made a journey into the physics of ice, and discovered many shocking secrets for the world!
**Guillaume Amonton
(1663-1705) Amonton was a French physicist who discovered the properties of gases and the interdependence of temperature.
Deaf as a child, Amonton became interested in mechanics. He improved the design of the hygrometer, barometer, and the air thermometer (for constant volume). Another discovery was undertaken in 1699, when he observed that the equal changes in temperature of a fixed volume consisting of air produced equivalent variations in pressure. His later works on thermal expansion of mercury lead to the invention of the thermometer by Fahrenheit. Thanks to Amonton, his Law reminds us that the coefficient of friction is independent of the normal force.
*F.P. Bowden
Bowden was born on May 2, 1903, in Hobart, Tasmania. He was an Australian physicist and chemist who pursued his research career in the United Kingdom. He first began his studies in electrochemistry, but was intrigued by tribology (studies on the surface of things). He made achievements on the study of friction, lubricants, and surface erosion. Bowden was a professor at Cambridge, Gonville and Caius Colleges.
D.C.B. Evans
Evans did significant research on the effects of various factors on the coefficient of friction. He also experimented with skating and hockey. During the days of his commitment to sliding friction (1975), he worked at the H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory in Bristol, England. He is presently located at New Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, England.
**Michael Faraday
(1791-1867) Faraday was an English chemist and physicist. He discovered benzene and the laws of electrolysis. Also, he invented the electric motor, dynamo, and the transformer. He produced the "Classical Field Theory".
**John Joly
Joly was an Irish geologist and physicist. He excelled at the sciences and engineering courses at Trinity College, Dublin. He became a professor of geology there in 1897. Using Haley's methods, Joly estimated the age of the Earth by monitoring the oceanic sodium content. This helped other scientist become aware of that fact that the Earth is much older than it seemed.
Henri Louis Le Chatelier
Le Chatelier was a French physicist, metallurgist, and chemist (1850-1936). His Principle, which comments on the equilibrium by the amount of pressure, temperature, and volume and concentration, has assisted scientists in understanding reactions.
**Sir Issac Newton
(1647-1727) English physicist and mathematician. The three essential laws of force bear his name. Newton discovered gravitation (the SI unit of force is N for Newton). He also discovered that white light is composed of a whole spectrum of colours. There are many more contributions to the world made by Newton.
B.N.J. Perssonn
This German Physicist and author of many books on sliding friction must receive credit. He has written books on friction since 1980's. He is currently working at Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Forschungszentrum Julich, Germany.
*Osbourne Reynolds
(1842-1912) Reynolds was a British engineer and physicist. He is remembered for his analysis of turbulent flow.
Reynolds studied Mathematics at Cambridge. As he was appointed to first professor of engineering at Owen College (now Manchester University), he concentrated on fluid dynamics (flow around a ship's propeller and vortex production). Most of all, he is famous for his Reynold's Number, which was defined in 1883. Reynold's Number, a dimensionless quantity, is used to determine whether a flow is laminar or turbulent. The number depends on viscosity, velocity, density and linear dimension of the flow. Lastly, he worked on lubrication and heat.
*David Tabor
(1913-) Tabor is an English Physicist, focused mainly in tribology (the study of the effects between sold surfaces). His contributions to friction are endless; his mastery of tribology lead him to invent tires which have better skid resistance.
REFERENCE:
*Porter R., Marilyn D., "Dictionary of Scientific Biography," Helicon Publisher Ltd., Slovenia, 2000
**Millar et al.,"Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientist," Chambers Cambridge, Edinburgh, 1989.
Joly was an Irish geologist and physicist. He excelled at the sciences and engineering courses at Trinity College, Dublin. He became a professor of geology there in 1897. Using Haley's methods, Joly estimated the age of the Earth by monitoring the oceanic sodium content. This helped other scientist become aware of that fact that the Earth is much older than it seemed.
Henri Louis Le Chatelier
Le Chatelier was a French physicist, metallurgist, and chemist (1850-1936). His Principle, which comments on the equilibrium by the amount of pressure, temperature, and volume and concentration, has assisted scientists in understanding reactions.
**Sir Issac Newton
(1647-1727) English physicist and mathematician. The three essential laws of force bear his name. Newton discovered gravitation (the SI unit of force is N for Newton). He also discovered that white light is composed of a whole spectrum of colours. There are many more contributions to the world made by Newton.
B.N.J. Perssonn
This German Physicist and author of many books on sliding friction must receive credit. He has written books on friction since 1980's. He is currently working at Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Forschungszentrum Julich, Germany.
*Osbourne Reynolds
(1842-1912) Reynolds was a British engineer and physicist. He is remembered for his analysis of turbulent flow.
Reynolds studied Mathematics at Cambridge. As he was appointed to first professor of engineering at Owen College (now Manchester University), he concentrated on fluid dynamics (flow around a ship's propeller and vortex production). Most of all, he is famous for his Reynold's Number, which was defined in 1883. Reynold's Number, a dimensionless quantity, is used to determine whether a flow is laminar or turbulent. The number depends on viscosity, velocity, density and linear dimension of the flow. Lastly, he worked on lubrication and heat.
*David Tabor
(1913-) Tabor is an English Physicist, focused mainly in tribology (the study of the effects between sold surfaces). His contributions to friction are endless; his mastery of tribology lead him to invent tires which have better skid resistance.
REFERENCE:
*Porter R., Marilyn D., "Dictionary of Scientific Biography," Helicon Publisher Ltd., Slovenia, 2000
**Millar et al.,"Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientist," Chambers Cambridge, Edinburgh, 1989.
Screenshot of the original, 2001
